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Authors:
James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross
Chapter:
Application Layer
Exercise:
Problems
Question:34 | ISBN:9780132856201 | Edition: 6

Question

We have seen that Internet TCP sockets treat the data being sent as a byte stream but UDP sockets recognize message boundaries. What are oneadvantage and one disadvantage of byte-oriented API versus having the API explicitly recognize and preserve application-defined message boundaries?

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Answer

For an application such as remote login (telnet and ssh), a byte-stream oriented protocol is very natural since there is no notion of message boundaries in the application. When a user types a character, we simply drop the character into the TCP connection.
In other applications, we may be sending a series of messages that have inherent boundaries between them. For example, when one SMTP mail server sends another SMTP mail server several email messages back to back. Since TCP does not have a mechanism to indicate the boundaries, the application must add the indications itself, so that receiving side of the application can distinguish one message from the next. If each message were instead put into a distinct UDP segment, the receiving end would be able to distinguish the various messages without any indications added by the sending side of the application.

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