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Authors:
James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross
Chapter:
The Link Layer: Links,access Networks, And Lans
Exercise:
Review
Question:11 | ISBN:9780132856201 | Edition: 6

Question

Why is an ARP query sent within a broadcast frame? Why is an ARP response sent within a frame with a specific destination MAC address?

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Answer

In order for a sender to send an IP datagram the sender must know both the IP   address and the MAC address. In order to get the unknown MAC address the sender will send an ARP query as a broadcast message across the LAN. Each node will receive this message and determine that it is a broadcast message. That node/adapter will then send the message up to its own ARP module. Each ARP module checks to see if that IP address matches its IP address. If it does, it will send the ARP response back to the sender with the MAC address inside a frame of the packet. 

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