For the VoIP example in Section 7.3, we introduced an online procedure (exponential moving average) for estimating delay. In this problem we will examine an alternative procedure. Let t i be the timestamp of the ith packet received; let r i be the time at which the ith packet is received. Let d n be our estimate of average delay after receiving the nth packet. After the first packet is received, we set the delay estimate equal to d 1 = r 1 – t 1.
a. Suppose that we would like d n = (r 1 – t 1 + r 2 – t 2 + . . . + r n – t n )/n for all n. Give a recursive formula for d n in terms of d n–1 , r n , and t n.
b. Describe why for Internet telephony, the delay estimate described in Section 7.3 is more appropriate than the delay estimate outlined in Part a.
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