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#
Authors:
Linda Null ,julia Lobur
Chapter:
Network Organization And Architecture
Exercise:
Exercises
Question:11 | ISBN:9780763704445 | Edition: 3

Question

11. A station running TCP/IP needs to transfer a file to a host. The file contains 1024 bytes. How many bytes, including all of the TCP/IP overhead, would be sent, assuming a payload size of 128 bytes and that both systems are running IPv4? (Also assume that the three-way handshake and window size negotiation have been completed and that no errors occur during transmission.)

a) What is the protocol overhead (stated as a percentage)?

b) Perform the same calculation, this time assuming both clients are using IPv6.

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Answer

a)

Assuming both systems are running IPv4, the calculation for the TCP/IP overhead can be done as follows:

Each TCP segment has a 20-byte TCP header and a 20-byte IPv4 header.

  • Determine the number of segments needed to transmit the file: Number of segments = File size / Payload size Number of segments = 1024 bytes / 128 bytes = 8 segments

  • Calculate the total overhead: TCP overhead = TCP header size * Number of segments = 20 bytes * 8 segments = 160 bytes IPv4 overhead = IPv4 header size * Number of segments = 20 bytes * 8 segments = 160 bytes

    Total overhead = TCP overhead + IPv4 overhead = 160 bytes + 160 bytes = 320 bytes

  • Calculate the total number of bytes sent: Total bytes sent = File size + Total overhead = 1024 bytes + 320 bytes = 1344 bytes

To determine the protocol overhead as a percentage, we can use the following formula: Protocol overhead = (Total overhead / Total bytes sent) * 100

Protocol overhead = (320 bytes / 1344 bytes) * 100 ≈ 23.81%

Hence, the protocol overhead, including all of the TCP/IP overhead, is approximately 23.81%.

 

 

b)

Assuming both clients are using IPv6, the calculation for the TCP/IP overhead is slightly different:

In IPv6, the TCP header size remains the same (20 bytes), but the IPv6 header size increases to 40 bytes.

  • Determine the number of segments needed to transmit the file (same as before): Number of segments = File size / Payload size = 1024 bytes / 128 bytes = 8 segments

  • Calculate the total overhead: TCP overhead = TCP header size * Number of segments = 20 bytes * 8 segments = 160 bytes IPv6 overhead = IPv6 header size * Number of segments = 40 bytes * 8 segments = 320 bytes

    Total overhead = TCP overhead + IPv6 overhead = 160 bytes + 320 bytes = 480 bytes

  • Calculate the total number of bytes sent (same as before): Total bytes sent = File size + Total overhead = 1024 bytes + 480 bytes = 1504 bytes

To determine the protocol overhead as a percentage: Protocol overhead = (Total overhead / Total bytes sent) * 100

Protocol overhead = (480 bytes / 1504 bytes) * 100 ≈ 31.91%

Hence, when assuming both clients are using IPv6, the protocol overhead, including all of the TCP/IP overhead, is approximately 31.91%.

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