Show the output of the following programs. (Hint: Draw a table and list the variables in the columns to trace these programs.)

(a)

for i in range(1, 5):
     j = 0
    while j < i:
          print(j, end = " ")
         j += 1

(b)

i = 0
while i < 5:
      for j in range(i, 1, -1):
           print(j, end = " ")
print("****")
i += 1

(c)

i = 5
while i >= 1:
      num = 1
     for j in range(1, i + 1):
         print(num, end = "xxx")
         num *= 2
   print()
   i -= 1

(d)

i = 1
while i <= 5:
         num = 1
        for j in range(1, i + 1):
               print(num, end = "G")
              num += 2
       print()
       i += 1