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#
Authors:
William Stallings
Chapter:
Introduction To Number Theory
Exercise:
Problems
Question:20 | ISBN:9781292158587 | Edition: 7

Question

Using Fermat’s theorem, find 4^225 mod 13.

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Answer

Fermat's Little Theorem states that if "p" is a prime number and "a" is any positive integer not divisible by "p," then:

a(p-1) ≡ 1 (mod p)

In this case, we have "p" as 13 and "a" as 4. Therefore, according to Fermat's theorem:

4(13-1) ≡ 1 (mod 13)

412 ≡ 1 (mod 13)

Now, we can use this result to find 4225 mod 13 by simplifying the exponent:

4225 = 4(12 * 18 + 9)

Since 412 ≡ 1 (mod 13), we can substitute this into the equation:

4225 ≡ (412)18 * 49 ≡ 118 * 49 ≡ 49 (mod 13)

Now, need to calculate 49 mod 13:

49 = (43)3 = 643 ≡ 13 ≡ 1 (mod 13)

Therefore, 4225 mod 13 ≡ 1.

In other words, 4 raised to the power of 225, when taken modulo 13, leaves a remainder of 1.

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